1. Building Materials and Components

• ISO 834: Fire resistance test methods for building elements, a globally recognized international standard specifying test procedures for fire resistance rating of components such as walls and floor slabs under high temperatures up to 1200℃;

• GB/T 9978: Chinese national standard, equivalently adopted from ISO 834, used to evaluate the fire resistance performance of building components;

• ASTM E119: Standard issued by American Society for Testing and Materials, which tests the load-bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation of building components under fire conditions;

• EN 13501: European Union standard that classifies the combustion performance of construction products (including grades A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F), and links to fire resistance rating requirements.

2. Textiles and Furniture

• GB 50222: China's Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings, which specifies combustion performance grades for materials such as curtains and fabrics (Grade A non-combustible, Grade B1 hardly combustible, Grade B2 combustible, Grade B3 highly flammable);

• ASTM D6413: US standard for vertical flammability testing of textiles;

• EN 1021: EU standard covering flammability tests for upholstered furniture materials (ignition by cigarette and small flame).

3. Electronics and Transportation

• UL 94: Standard issued by Underwriters Laboratories for evaluating flame retardant grades of plastic materials (V-0, V-1, V-2, HB, with V-0 being the highest flame retardant grade);

• IEC 60332: International Electrotechnical Commission standard for testing vertical flame spread performance of electric wires and cables;

• FMVSS 302: US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard requiring the burning rate of automotive interior materials to not exceed 100mm/min.

1. Sample Preparation

• Produce representative samples in accordance with standard requirements (for example, fire doors shall include complete assemblies such as door frames, door panels and sealing components), and the dimensions shall comply with the specifications of test equipment.

2. Test Environment Setup

• Mount the sample in a test furnace to simulate the temperature curve of real fires (as specified in ISO 834, the temperature rises to 925℃ within 30 minutes and 1090℃ within 120 minutes).

3. Parameter Monitoring

Real-time data shall be recorded throughout the test:

• Temperature on the unexposed side of the sample (for heat insulation assessment, generally limited to a maximum of 140℃);

• Occurrence of flame penetration or gaps (for integrity assessment);

• Structural collapse or loss of load-bearing capacity (for load-bearing performance assessment).

4. Result Evaluation

• Determine the fire resistance rating (e.g., 1 hour, 2 hours) based on the time when the sample loses heat insulation, integrity or load-bearing capacity, and issue a test report accordingly.