1. Construction Materials and Components

• ISO 834: Fire resistance test method for building elements, a globally recognized international standard specifying test methods for determining the fire resistance of components such as walls and floor slabs under high temperatures (up to 1200°C);

• GB/T 9978: Chinese national standard, equivalently adopting ISO 834, used to evaluate the fire resistance performance of building components;

• ASTM E119: Standard published by American Society for Testing and Materials, used to test the load-bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation of building components under fire conditions;

• EN 13501: European Union standard, which classifies the combustion performance of construction products (e.g. Class A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F), and links classification with fire resistance rating requirements.

2. Textiles and Furniture

• GB 50222: Chinese Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings, which specifies combustion performance grades for materials such as curtains and fabrics (Class A non-combustible, Class B1 hardly combustible, Class B2 combustible, Class B3 readily combustible);

• ASTM D6413: US standard for testing vertical flame performance of textiles;

• EN 1021: European Union standard covering flammability tests for upholstered furniture materials (e.g. ignition by cigarette and small flame).

3. Electronics and Transportation

• UL 94: Standard issued by Underwriters Laboratories, used to evaluate the flame retardancy rating of plastic materials (e.g. V-0, V-1, V-2, HB; V-0 represents the highest flame retardant grade);

• IEC 60332: International Electrotechnical Commission standard for testing vertical flame spread performance of electric wires and cables;

• FMVSS 302: US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, stipulating that the burning rate of automotive interior materials shall not exceed 100 mm/min.

1. Sample Preparation

• Fabricate representative samples in accordance with standard requirements (for example, fire doors shall consist of complete assemblies including door frames, door panels, sealing components, etc.), and dimensions shall comply with specifications of test equipment.

2. Test Environment Setup

• Mount the sample inside the test furnace and simulate the temperature curve of actual fire conditions (e.g., under ISO 834 standard, the temperature rises to 925°C within 30 minutes and reaches 1090°C within 120 minutes).

3. Parameter Monitoring

Record the following data in real time during the test:

• Temperature on the unexposed side of the sample (for evaluating insulation performance, generally limited to 140°C);

• Occurrence of flame penetration or gaps (for evaluating integrity);

• Structural collapse or loss of load-bearing capacity (for evaluating load-bearing performance).

4. Result Evaluation

• Determine the fire resistance rating (e.g., 1 hour, 2 hours) based on the time when the sample loses insulation, integrity or load-bearing capacity, and issue the test report.