Electrical and electronic product testing is a systematic inspection focusing on the safety, performance, electromagnetic compatibility and environmental friendliness of electrical and electronic products. It aims to ensure products comply with international, national or industry standards, protect user safety and environmental sustainability, and meet market access requirements. It covers a wide scope ranging from consumer electronics to industrial equipment. Details are listed below:

I. Core Test Categories and Items

1. Safety Testing

It ensures no risks such as electric shock, fire and mechanical injury under normal operation and fault conditions, and serves as a mandatory fundamental test.

• Electric Shock Protection:

• Insulation Resistance Test: Measure the insulation resistance between live parts and enclosure, ensure the value ≥10MΩ (varies per product standard) to prevent electric leakage;

• Dielectric Strength (Withstand Voltage) Test: Apply specified high voltage between components (e.g. 1500V AC) for 1 minute without breakdown to verify insulation reliability;

• Protective Earth Continuity Test: Detect the resistance between the earthing terminal and accessible metallic parts (normally ≤0.1Ω) to guarantee effective discharge of leakage current.

• Fire Resistance and Overheating:

• Temperature Rise Test: Monitor the temperature of key components (e.g. motors, transformers) during operation, which shall not exceed standard limits (e.g. ≤70℃ for plastic components);

• Flammability Test: Combustion performance of materials such as enclosures and cables (e.g. UL 94 V0, GB/T 5169.16) to avoid flame spread;

• Abnormal Operation Test: Simulate fault conditions (such as short circuit and overload) to evaluate whether the product activates protective mechanisms (e.g. fuse blowout).

• Mechanical Safety:

• Protection against Electric Shock: Verify whether accessible parts are Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV, ≤36V) via probe test;

• Structural Strength: Enclosure impact resistance and drop test (e.g. IEC 60068-2-32, drop onto hard wooden board from 1m height).

2. Electromagnetic Compatibility Test (EMC)

It ensures products work properly under electromagnetic environment and do not interfere with other equipment, divided into two categories: Emission and Immunity.

• Electromagnetic Emission (EMI): Restrict electromagnetic interference generated by products, including:

• Conducted Emission: Interference signals transmitted through power cords (frequency band below 30MHz, complying with CISPR 11);

• Radiated Emission: Electromagnetic waves radiated by products into space (30MHz-1GHz, complying with CISPR 22).

• Electromagnetic Immunity (EMS): The capability of products to resist external electromagnetic interference, including:

• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Anti-interference performance simulating charged human body contacting the product (e.g. ±8kV contact discharge, IEC 61000-4-2);

• Radiated Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity: Products shall operate normally under electromagnetic field strength of 3V/m (IEC 61000-4-3);

• Surge Immunity: Pulse interference simulating lightning strikes or power grid switching (e.g. ±2kV line-to-line, IEC 61000-4-5).

3. Performance Testing

Verify whether product functions and indicators meet design requirements, varying by product type:

• Consumer Electronics: e.g. mobile phone call quality, battery endurance, screen brightness; cooling/heating efficiency of household appliances (such as air conditioner APF value), noise decibel.

• Industrial Electronics: Controller accuracy (e.g. ±0.1% FS), sensor response speed; output voltage stability of power supply (e.g. ripple ≤1%).

• Lighting Equipment: Luminous efficacy (lm/W), correlated color temperature, color rendering index (Ra≥80) and service life (≥30000 hours) of LED lamps.

4. Environmental & Chemical Testing

Control hazardous substances contained in electrical and electronic products to comply with global environmental regulations:

• RoHS Test: Detect 10 hazardous substances including lead, mercury and cadmium (EU RoHS 2.0, China RoHS 2.0), limit value 0.1% (0.01% for cadmium);

• REACH Test: Screen Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC). Information communication obligation shall be fulfilled if content＞0.1% (EU REACH Regulation);

• Battery Test: e.g. UN38.3 (lithium battery transportation safety, including vibration, shock and short-circuit test); battery cycle life, charge-discharge efficiency.

5. Reliability Testing

Evaluate product stability under long-term service or harsh environments and predict service life:

• Environmental Test: Temperature cycling test (-40℃~85℃ cycle), damp heat test (40℃, 95% RH), salt spray test (to assess corrosion resistance of metal components);

• Mechanical Reliability: Vibration test (simulate transportation vibration, IEC 60068-2-6), shock test (sudden impact, e.g. acceleration of 1000G);

• Endurance Test: Switch life (e.g. 10,000 insertion & extraction cycles for sockets), key life (50,000 pressing cycles for mobile phone keys).